Project management success factors Essay

Ho utilize is the searing issue in global urbanization which have a trem annihilateous impact on the purlieu both during turn and through turn protrude their. As the key element in urban culture, trapping plays a vital role in attaining the ending of sustainable breeding. Effective of be sick anxiety is becoming increasingly crucial for sustainable hold to re master(prenominal) competitive in todays dynamic business surround. This paper attempt to testify a hypothetic frame call on for frame wariness winner brokers in sustainable living accommodations development. come off on past literary productions on the subject were carried discover to build the existing interrogation works on the ara and to establish censorious advantage factors of aim caution best practices. At the end of this paper, a newborn surface bea of managing sustainable living accommodations for future heraldic bearing of this research was identified. A list of exact achiever f actors for bemuse vigilance practices for sustainable living accommodations development was established.Keywords sustainable living accommodations, sustainable phylogenesis excogitate focus, overcritical Success Factors.1.0 INTRODUCTIONHousing, as adult male basic look at, is a really important issue of peoples everyday life. In 1948, the United Nations, in its Universal Declaration of Human Rights, landd that everyone has the beneficial to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-organism of himself and of his family including food, clothing, trapping and medical c atomic number 18 and necessary sociable services . Housing homework is one of the study challenges facing developing countries. Under the Seventh Malaysia in ten dollar billd (1999-2000) and Eight Malaysia Plan (2001-2005), Malaysian governments are committed to provide adequate, low-cost and tonus accommodate for allMalaysian, particularly the low income group. This is in enclosure with Istanbul Declaration on Human Settlement and Habitat Agenda (1996) to catch adequate shelter for all.In order to be sustainable, lodgment initiatives essential be stintingally viable, socially acceptable, technically feasible and purlieually harmonious (Choguill, 2007). In the some another(prenominal) hand, housing encompasses the immediate environment, sanitation, drainage, recreational facilities, and all other economic and social activities that make life worthwhile (Olejado, 2003).The World accusation on purlieu and Development (WCED, 1987) report, Our Common forthcoming has led to a world-wide notion of the concept of sustainable development (Meldon, 1998). barely, it has been argued that the history of the concept of sustainability flock be traced back to the terms stationery or steady state economy used by the nineteenth century political economic expert (European surround agency, 1997). Today in that location are over 300 produce definitions of sustainable development, the products of assorted(a) world views and competing vested interests (Moles and Kelly, 2000). Fundamentally, sustainable development addresses three study areasI. People living today are entitled to justice and allude rights II. milieual degeneration must be alleviated or eliminated and III. Future generations must not be impoverished as a provide of current legal actions (Redclift,1987).Our Common Future explores how sustainable development is not a fixed state of harmony but rather a execute of qualifying in which the exploitation of preferences, the orientation of technological development, and institutional change are made consistent with future as well as present needs (Moles and Kelly, 2000). In other words, (WCED, 1987, 8) its delimitate as developmentwhich meets the needs of the present without comprising the ability of future generations to meet their aver needs.The Commission not only observed that environmental problems need to be addressed, but in addition socials problem, such as inequity, property, non-prosperity and the violation of sympathetic rights, that are related to explosive population growth and the enormous expanding upon of environmental harms caused by human activities. tally to the Commission, solving these problems requires global economic growth whilst respecting ecological constraints (Kl to a lower place, 2004). Other studies, (Ding, 2008) outlined sustainable development is as a concern of attitudes and judgment to help insure long-term ecological, social and economic growth in society.While the term of sustainable development is well known and widely used, there is no common instinct and approach for it. The perception of sustainability especially when it comes to what needs is regarded as important varies often by various nation and even different people with different points in time, economic, social and cultural backgrounds (Zinkernagel, 2001). The detail of what comprises sustainable devel opment is very context specific and the same condition and practice do-nothingnot apply everywhere. in that respectfore, sustainability has its diverse implications in every corner of the world and in every sector of a society (Bell and Morse, 2003).For construction sector, the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the environs (1990) explains sustainable as directed towards the reduction of the environmental and health impacts consequence to construction, makes and the built environment. Such construction biddinges would bring environmental responsibility, social awareness, and economic profitability objectives to the fore in built environment related excogitates (Langston and Ding, 2001).There are various definitions of sustainable housing The European Union defined sustainable housing in the following perspective construction (e.g. safe and sound tone of construction), social and economic factors (e.g. Affordability and psychological impacts) and eco strength (e.g. Efficient use of non-renewable resources) (VROM, 2005).Previously, IHBC (1998) definitionspresent the global factor of a sustainable housing practice that is applicable under various circumstances, depending on the conditions where its implemented (Larasati, 2006). Basically, all these definitions were carry out the idea of Principle 15 of the Declaration of the United Nations convocation on The Human Environment Planning must be applied to human primptlements and urbanization with a view to avoiding adverse effects on the environment and obtaining maximum social, economic and environmental benefits for all (UNEP, 1972).A sustainable polarity is cost-efficient over time, wanton, cheap to maintain and complements our unique environment (Queensland Government, 2004). sustainable Housing is a new concept in developing countries and unearthing bulges book binding all aspects of sustainability proved to be difficult (Ebsen, 2000). For housing that make up a great proportion of construction, sustainable housing could be defined as housing practices, which strive for integral quality (including economic, social, and environmental feat) in a broad expressive style (John, Croome & Jeronimidis, 2005).The focus on sustainable housing implies a perspective of flows (Klunder, 2004). From this viewpoint, a sustainablehousing is characterized by the minimization of the environmental impacts of material use, vitality consumption and water consumption during the whole service life of the building.2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENTMalaysia is a developing rustic heading towards industrialization. The growths of industries bid rapid housing expansion due to the prouder(prenominal) transfer from the customer. A soundly housing area has to fulfill the health aspect from the building, drainage, clean water supply, domestic waste instruction and sufficient ventilation. The quality of housing and its social, economic and environmental operation is critically important t o sustainable development. However, the lacks of practices of formulate succeeder factors in housing development activities whitethorn often bring about water, air and land pollutions consequently affecting the natural environment, health and quality oflife.These issues are often raised(a) today as problems of uncontrolled development of housing growth as concern for the environment is not hit the booksed. With this concern in mind, housing and other social services become priority in todays development programmes which aimed at improving the quality of life and contributing towards the governing body of a caring society. However, the issue of sustainable housing are salve new and not that familiar in our country. With referring back the house being built in the past decade, those houses were not face-off the essential criteria of sustainability and unfortunately, there are little to none in depth studies for this matter.Although the homes that create may look good and be ch eap to build, they are poor apprize if they weather poorly, have high energy and other running costs, are expensive to maintain and cannot adapt to changes in use. According to Maylor (1999) those organizations that are closely resourceful in seeking out best practices and making those aspects work for them pull up stakes be the most prospering.Although cast worry has proved its advantage in many construction excogitates, there is however some problems associated with the path in which the system has been selected and/or implemented ( nonem S. et al., 2004). Here, critical factors of prospering endure heed were establish to develop a new area of managing sustainable housing for further studies of this research to ensure its potential for future sustainability.2.1 search QUESTIONSBased on the problems stated above, two main questions are organize as below 1) What are the critical factors that are required for the succeederful implementation of sustainable housing pract ices?2) What are the critical factors hurl management best practices in sustainable housing development?2.2 OBJECTIVESThere are two objectives for this paper1) To identify factor that are required for the succeederful implementation ofsustainable housing practice.2) To establish the conquest factors that determines the best practices for reckon management in sustainable housing.3) To establish guideline for project management best practices for sustainable housing.3.0 FACTORS EFFECTING redact SUCCESSNowadays, companies are increasingly using projects in their daily work to achieve company goals. The only way organizations can be driven to achieve excellence is by retention an eye on competition and world best practice in all aspects of the business (Bendell et. all, 1998). Recently more(prenominal) and more organizations are recognizing that translating collective strategies into actions requires project management. Consequently, it is vital that projects are supremacyful ( Baccarini, 2003). Critical conquest factors are important influences that contribute to project achievement. So, critical winner factors are the set of circumstances, facts or influences which contribute to the project outcomes.According to Mobey and Parker (2002), to increase the chances of a project succeeding it is necessary for the organisation to have an understanding of what are the success factors, to systematically and quantitatively assess these factors, anticipating possible causes and effects, and then choose charm methods of dealing with them. Once identified, the success of the project can be achieved.Generally, the success of a construction project depends on a number of factors, such as project complexity, contractual arrangements, and relationships between project participants, the competency of project coachs, and the abilities of key project members (Chua et al., 1999). Bayliss, (2002) in his report said that undefeated project delivery requires the concerted effort of the project team to carry out the various project activities, but it is the project manager who, at the condense of the project network, is responsible for orchestrating the whole construction process. Possessing the core project management competence would helpto define the ability of project managers to deliver good performance towards the attainment of project success.The search for factors that influence project success has been growing interest over the past decade. Among researchers that have tried to a certain extent to identify success factors for project management are Pinto and Slevin (1987,1989), Cooke-Davis (2002), Muller and Turner (2003), Belassi and Tukel (1996) and etc. Success factors are those stimulation to the project management system that lead directly or indirectly to the success of the project or business.Belassi and Tukel, 1996, categorized success factors into four main group. These are factors relating to the project, project managers, organizat ion, and external environment. Others researcher, Chan et al., 2002 identify a set of project success factors project team commitment, contractors competencies, risk and liability assessment, knobs competencies, end-users needs and constraints imposed by end user.As referred to the ten critical success factors developed by Pinto and Slevin (1986), Pinto and Mantel (1990) suggest that these critical success factors were found to be generalisable to a wide variety of project types and organizations. Their model is one of the most widely quoted lists of critical success factors (Muller and Turner, 2007). However a single set of project success factors may not be suitable for all industries (Lim et al, 1999 Hartman et al, 1996). Liu and Walker 1998 suggest that as industries move differently, a set of critical success factors may not be transferable from one project to another projectonly generic wine areas can be identified and used as broad guidelines.A comprehensive suss out of t he literature research on success factors of project management was conducted. Table 1 gives lists of the critical success factors developed in the various literatures. Several researchers have identified the factors that significantly determine project management success. Based on the frequency depth psychology, the critical success factors are prioritised as shown in Table 2.Table 1. Summary of literature reviews from various authors for project success AuthorsPinto &Critical Success FactorsBelassi Cooke-Baccarini Andersen Hyvari Turner &KhangSlevin&Davies(1999,et al.,Muller&(2002)2003)(2006)(2005,07)Moe(1987,89) Tukel(2006)(1996)(2008) roam Understanding tiptop caution SupportInformation/Communicationguest Involvement qualified find TeamAuthority of the realize autobus/Leader real follow and TimeEstimates decent picture ControlPlanning/Controlling draw mission /commongoal throw Ownershipfeedbackor verifiable basis.Table 2 Prioritisation of CSFsCritical Success FactorsPriori tisedOccurrenceNo. relative frequency ofRank1Competent frame Team812Authority of the Project Manager/Leader623Project Understanding534Top Management Support53Remark critical success factors that is determined by the authors either on a conceptual older monitoring device performance and adapted ResourcesRisk ManagementProblem settlement Abilities5guest Involvement536Project mission /common goal537 qualified Resources448Realistic cost and Time Estimates449Information/Communication4410Project Ownership3511 varan performance and feedback3512Planning/Controlling3513Risk Management3514Adequate Project Control2615Problem work Abilities26The frequency analysis in Tables 1 and 2 revealed that there are only one critical success factors in all frameworks in common which is competent project team. The analysis also showed that authority of the project manager/leader is prioritised in rank 2. The analysis further revealed that 5 out of the 8 frameworks have four critical success factors i n common Project Understanding, Top Management Support, Client Involvement and Project Mission/common goal. The Adequate Resources, Realistic price and Time Estimates and information/Communication success factors have their presence in forth frameworks respectively.The other critical success factors (namely, Project ownership, Monitor performance and feedback, Planning/Controlling and Risk Management) are presented in very hardly a(prenominal) frameworks (Table 1 and 2). Meanwhile, the other two factors were not commonly found in the literature which is adequate projectcontrol and problem solving abilities.4.0 FACTORS OF PROJECT SUCCESS FOR SUSTAINABLE HOUSINGThe subject of project management is Brobdingnagian and numerous authors continuously add to the body of literature on the subject. According to the Project Management Institute (2004), the discipline of project management can be defined as followsProject management is the art of order and coordinating human and material re sources throughout the life of a project by using modern management techniques to achieve predetermined objectives of scope, cost, time, quality and participation satisfaction.Project management best practices may be set forth as optimum way of performing work to achieve high performance (Ramabadron et all., 1997). According to Dey (2002), current project management practices of organizations in the attention sector do not always ensure success. The main problems with projects readying and implementation have been cost and time overruns and quality non-achievement. Dey (2002) stated that the main contributing factors are Expansion of the scope and subsequent quality increases of input resources Engineering and design changes Underestimation and incorrect estimation and Unforeseen inflation Project size and complexity and etc.Dey, (2002) illustrates projects management growing popularity has stirred interest in how companies compare in their application of project management pr ocess, tools and techniques. Successful project management can contribute towards project success but is unlikely to be able to prevent project hardship (de Wit, 1988).The various variables affecting the success factors are identified in the preceding section. There are Project Understanding, Top Management, Support Communication, Client Involvement, Competent Project Team, Authority of Top Level, Realistic Cost and Time Estimates, Adequate Project Control, Problem Solving Abilities, Risk Management, Adequate Resources, Planning/Controlling, Monitor performance and feedback, Project mission /Common goal, and Project Ownership. Furthermore, a new conceptual framework that includes the indentified variables of project success is shown in Fig. 1. Its show that variables project success can influence a variable of criteria measuring sustainable housing.Figure 1 Framework of Project Management Success Factors in sustainable Housing.Project ManagementSuccess FactorCriteria MeasuringSust ainable HousingCompetent Project TeamAuthority of the ProjectManager/LeaderProject UnderstandingTop Management SupportClient InvolvementProject mission /common goalAdequate ResourcesRealistic Cost and TimeEstimatesInformation/CommunicationProject OwnershipMonitor performance andfeedbackPlanning/ControllingRisk ManagementAdequate Project ControlProblem Solving Abilities postal code Efficiency Use of heartys water system Efficiency Disposal internet site Issues Green Traffic Outdoor environment andIndoor environmentProject Management Success Factors in Sustainable Housing Economically are cost-efficient over the lifespan of the home base Environmental/Ecology are resource efficient in terms of materials, waste, water and energy hearty/Community are safe, flexible and comfortable for people with varying abilities* Critical success factor of project management were establish to come out the best practices in new area in Sustainable Housing.An extensive literature survey on sust ainable housing also has been carried out to select criteria measurement frameworks for this study. The relevant literature has revealed that different researchers have adopted similar sustainability criterias framework that consider on three basic themes of the sustainable construction social, environmental, and economic. Below, there are a few literatures findings in term of criteria of measuring sustainable housing1. Winston (2007) have carried out some important characteristics of sustainable housing include sustainable land-use planning resisting scattered settlements housing close to employment and reality transport higher residential densities sustainable construction high standards of energy efficiency in use of dwellings housing availability, affordabilityand quality access to gullible space, and a high quality residential environment. Many sustainable building indicator sets are derived from conceptual models (Winston and Pareja, 2008).2. Blaauw (1997), the following envi ronmental theme are derived from a workbook for sustainable building and housing Energy, Use of Materials, Water, Disposal, Site, Green, Traffic, Outdoor environment and Indoor environment.3. move oning Environmental Science & technology (B.E.S.T), formulated residential green building guidelines Emphasize the reduce, recycle, re-use, renewable use energy, water and resource efficiently healthy indoor air quality building has low-cost community development creates a sense of well-being the home body reasonably affordable and cost effective.4. (Bennett and James, 1999) Effective sustainability measurement should consider the nail triple bottom line of economic, environmental, and societal performance which isa) Social Sustainability honorable internal environmentSafety (personal, household and environmental)Provision of social amenityProvision of recreation amenityAccessibility to jobs and amenitiesb) Economic Sustainability Cost efficient over timeAdaptability with min. costAff ordabilityJob creations and local economyc) Environmental Sustainability Energy efficiencyWater efficiency/Conservation lessening of greenhouse gas emissionsWaste management / recyclingMaterial efficiencyPollution prevention noise, water, airOptimization & conservation of land entertain and enhance biodiversityReduction of car dependency5. Green Building manual of arms from the US Department of Energy (DOE) & Public Technology, Inc. (PTI) include the following pointsSite Issues selection of building sites, landscaping, watershed, site materials and equipmentBuilding Design building systems (heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, galvanizing and plumbing systems) and indoor environmental qualityConstruction Process trading operations & MaintenanceEconomics & Environment energy and water efficiency, waste reduction, construction costs, building maintenance & management savings.For the purpose of this research, eight aspects of criteria sustainability that can be used to analyze sust ainable housing , were derived from the six environmental themes that are distinguished The National Measures for Sustainable Building (Hendriks, 2001) Energy lessen the demand for energy, promoting the use of sustainable energy resources and using energy efficientlyMaterials more efficient use of materials, step-down waste and removing it responsiblyWater reducing water usage, preventing land drying up, and protecting water qualityIndoor Environment improving air quality, improving thermal comfort, and reducing noise levels. adjoin Environment realiseing bio-diversity, strengthening the perception of the environment (including maintaining old townscapes) and reducing nuisance (noise, wind, odor)Miscellaneous improving the flexibility of the home with regard to cooperative new functions and improving safetyIt is expected that study of project management best practices in the extent of project success could lead toward meeting criteria of sustainable housing. This approach in sus tainable housing area will provide much needed information to local authorities to take more effective control of housing issues.5.0 CONCLUSIONThe implementation of success factors for project management in sustainable housing is important in other to ensure project success. Apparently, the sustainable housing is one ofthe major contributors to the development of any country. Unfortunately, in our country Malaysia, the issue of sustainable housing development is still new and not yet the proactive action had been taken to develop the housing sector in sustainable way. Thus, this research is proposed to identify success factors for project management in sustainable housing area. At the end of this paper, a new area of managing sustainable housing for future direction of this research will identified.A list of critical success factors from various authors for project management success for sustainable housing development in Malaysia was established. Further work is needed to explore i n more detail which factors are important and to understand how the factors interact with all(prenominal) other in sustainable housing area.6.0 REFERENCESAndersen, E.S., Jessen, S.A. (2000), Project evaluation arrangement, Project Management, Vol. 6 No.1, pp.61-9.Baccarini D. (2003), Critical Success Factors for Projects. Faculty of The build Environment, blind and Design Curtin University of Technology, Australia.Belassi W, Tukel OI (1996), A new framework for determining critical success/failure factors in projects. International diary of Project Management. 14(3) 141-151. Bell, S and Morse, S (2003), Measuring Sustainability Learning from Doing. Earthscan London, UK.Bendell, T., Boulter, L. and Kelly, J. (1998), Benchmarking for Competitive Advantage, Pitman, London.Bennett M., James P. (1999). Sustainable Measures Evaluation and describe of Environmental and Social mathematical operation. Greenleaf, Sheffield, UK. Blaauw, drs. F.J. (1997), Werkboek Duurzaam Bouwen en Wone n. Alphen aan de Rijn Samsam HD Tjeenk Willink bv.Building Environmental Science & Technology (B.E.S.T.). Green Buildinghttp//www.energybuilder.com/greenbld.htmtopChan, A.P.C., Scott, D. and Lam, E.W.M. (2002) Framework of Success Criteria for Design/Build Projects. diary of Management in Engineering Vol. 18 (3), pp. 122128. Choguill, C. L. (2007), The search for policies to support sustainable housing. Habitat International, pp 143-149.Chua DKH, Kog YC, Loh PK (1999), Critical success factors for different project objectives. daybook of Construction Engineering and Management, pp. 142-150Cooke-Davis, T. (2002). The real success factors on projects,International daybook of Management, 20 (3), pp. 185-190de Wit, (1988), Measurement of project management success, International Journal of Project Management, Vol.6 (3), pp. 164-170.Dey, P.K. (2002), Benchmarking project management practices of Caribbean organizations using analytic hierarchy process, Benchmarking An International Jou rnal, Vol.9 No.3, pp. 326-356.Ding, G.K.C (2008), Sustainable Construction-The role of environmental assessment tools. Journal of environmental management, 86, 451-464.Dutch Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and The Environment (1990), Nationaal milieubeleidsplan-plus notitie instrumentarium + duurzaam bauwen, Sdu. Den Haag. Ebsen C., Ramboll B. (2000). International Review Of Sustainable Low-Cost Housing Projects Proceedings Strategies for a Sustainable Built Environment, Pretoria, 23-25 August 2000Green Building Manual from the US Department of Energy (DOE) & Public Technology, Inc. (PTI)HartmanF,AshrafiR.(1996).Failedsuccessesandfailures.PMIAnnualSeminar/Symposium, Boston, PD 35, 1-5,Hendriks, (2001). Sustainable Construction. Boxtel, The Netherlands AEnas technical publishers.John. G., Croome D.C and Jeronimidis G. (2005), Sustainable building solutions a review of lessons from the natural world. Building and Environment, 40(3) 317-326. Khang D.B and Moe T.L, (2008). Succes s Criteria and Factors for International Development Projects A Life Cycle-based Framework, Project Management Journal, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 72-84.Klunder G. (2004), The Search for The just about Eco-efficient Strategies for Sustainable Construction Dutch lessons, Journal of Housing and The Built Environment pp 111126. Langston, C. A. & Ding, G. K. C. (2001) (Eds.), Sustainable practices in the built environment, Langston, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.Larasati D. (2006).Towards An Integral Approach Of Sustainable Housing In Indonesia With An Analysis Of Current Practices In Java. Delft University Of Technology The NetherlandsLim, C.S. and Mohamed, M.Z (1999), Criteria of project success an exploratory reexamination, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 17 No. 4, pp. 243-8. Liu, A.M.M. and Walker A. (1998), Evaluation of project outcomes. Construction Management and Economics Vol. 16 No.2, pp. 209-219.Malaysian Government (1999), Seventh Malaysia Plan, Percetakan Nasio nal Berhad, Kuala Lumpur.Malaysian Government (2001), Eight Malaysia Plan, Percetakan Nasional Berhad, Kuala LumpurMylor H. (1999), Project Management, 2nd ed. London Financial Times. Meldon, J. (1998), Learning Sustainability by Doing Regional integration by the Social Partners, European Commission and the Department of Environment and topical anesthetic Goverment, Dublin.Mobey A, Parker D (2002). Risk evaluation and its immensity to project implementation. Int. J. Productivity and Performance Manage., 51(4) 202 208. Moles R. Kelly R., (2000), Towards Sustainable Development in The Mid-West Region of Ireland. Environmental Management and Health, Vol. 11 No.5 pp 422-432. Muller R, Turner JR (2003). On the nature of the project as a temporary organization. Int. J. Project Manage, 21(1) 1Muller R, Turner JR (2005). The project managers leadership style as a success factor on projects A literature review. Project Management Journal,36(2) 49 61 Muller R., Turner R. (2007), The infl uence of project managers on project success criteria and project success by type of project. European Management Journal Vol. 25 (4), pp. 298-307OECD. (1998) Towards Sustainable Development Environmental Indicators. OECD Code 971998031P1.Olejado, E.O. (2003), Implication of Designs and Material Specifications on Housing Development. Proceedings Housing Development in Nigeria Which management Forward, Lagos State of Nigeria. 1st & 2nd April, 2003.Pinto JK, Slevin DP (1989). Critical success factors in R & D projects. Research Technology Management, 32(1) 31 36Pinto JK. (1986). Project Implementation A determination of its critical success factors, moderators, and their relative importance across the project life cycle (Doctorate dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, 1986).Pinto, J.K., Slevin, D.P. (1987), Critical factors in successful project implementation, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 34 No.1, pp.22-7. Pinto, J.K., Slevin, D.P. (1988), Project success d efinitions and measurement techniques, Project Management Journal, Vol. 19 No.1, pp.67-71.PMI (2004) Guide to the project management body of knowledge. (3rd edn.). Project Ramabadron, R., Dean, J.W. Jr and Evans, J.R (1997) Benchmarking and project management A review and organizational model, Benchmarking for Quality Management of Technology, vol. 4, pp. 47-58.Redclift, M. (1987), Sustainable Development Exploring the Contradictions, Routlegde, London.VROM (Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning, and the Environment) The Netherlands. 2005. Sustainable Refurbishment of High-Rise Residential Buildings and Restructuring of Surrounding Areas in Europe. Report for EuropeanHousing Ministers Conference held in Prague, Czech Republic, 14 -15 March 2005.Winston N., Pareja M., (2008). Sustainable Housing in the Urban Context International Sustainable Development Indicator Sets and Housing, Social Indicators Research Vol. 87 Issue 2, p211-221World Commission on Environment and Development (198 7), Our Common Future, Oxford University Press, Oxford.Zinkernagel.R (2001), Indicators to measure sustainable development in urban residental areas. Thesis for the fulfillment of the Master of Science in Environmental Management and Policy. Lund University Lund, Sweden.